Message Appeals Used in Advertising - 1303 Words

What Message Appeals would you use for the following Products? Design One Liner Punch lines: 1. Study Table in Household. 2. Cosmetic Surgery. Message Appeals: Berknan and Gilson Defined advertising appeals as an attempt at creativity that inspires consumers motives for purchase and affects consumer’s attitude towards a specific product or service. Message appeals are used in Advertising Messages to draw the consumer’s attention to his or her, own unmet needs and desires. Appeals can be broadly classified as Rational and Emotional. Rational appeals work on the consumer’s rationale i.e. the message will focus on the features of the product, its performance, the benefits from using the product, ease or technicality involved in†¦show more content†¦One liner: * Wish to have straight As? Start with A1 * Want to stay ahead of the competition? Race with A1. * Why settle for second best? Always be A1. 2. Cosmetic Surgery Product Name: Safely Sensual Cosmetic Surgery is a high involvement service. People are sceptic about using this product and the common man feels like it is a service to be availed by actors, models and TV Stars. Contrary to that opinion there are other people who would go in for a cosmetic surgery to look better and feel good about themselves. This is a service availed by the Upper Middle, Lower Upper and Upper Upper class. Sex Appeal: Sex appeal is used by the usage of sexual themes and sexually attractive models. Since people often face mid life crisis, and are left feeling old and bereft of sexual desire, a sexually attractive message would be ideal for a cosmetic surgery advertisement thus making the consumer feel wanted, beautiful, young, loved and thus it helps the consumer feel like he or she is capable of making love. Subliminal appeal: Every middle aged person at some point in time feels like he or she is no longer beautiful and the need for beauty may be suppressed if the person is surrounded by people who adore him or her. If the message campaign focuses on the imperativeness of feeling beautiful for one’s own satisfaction may be theShow MoreRelated Television Advertisement789 Words   |  4 Pagescan be used to demonstrate the product in action, or to use colour and sound to build an atmosphere around the product, thus enhancing its image (Fahy Jobber, 2006). The emphasis for this thesis will be television advertisements, because of the many elements of television, sound, colour, sight and motion that aid the presentation of the message. Also the fact that Brassington and Pettitt (2000) argue that television is better for creating an advertisement message with emotional appeals, contributesRead More9 IMC Message Strategy751 Words   |  4 PagesIMC Message Strategy All planned brand messages should: 1) Create brand awareness 2) Change or reinforce customers’ attitudes 3) Stimulate some kind of response or action 4) Stimulate the interactivity that helps build brand relationships The IMC Creative Brief is based on these mandates and how they relate to the brand decision-making process. 1 Creating Brand Value for a Biscuit 2 Brand Message Strategy Development The fourth step in the IMC planning process is developing message strategiesRead MoreEssay about The Effectiveness of Sex Appeal in Advertisement661 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effectiveness of Sex Appeal in Advertisement Sex is everywhere. Its in every magazine, on every television station, and in every movie. Sex appears in advertisements for everything from shoes to food to computers. It is understandable why advertisers use sex appeal since it sets their ads apart from the countless others. Ads with sex can be more memorable, but sometimes too much sex overpowers the ad, drawing attention away from the brand. Overdone sex appeal can offend the target audiencesRead MoreThe Problem About Using Sex in Advertisements Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising is an important form of communication between products and customers. How to get viewers’ attention is first thing need to consider for advertising. Sexual appeal is become very useful tool in advertising, and it use is increasing. The sex appeal has a very long history, the first sex appeal advertising was introduced in 1911 by Woodbury’s Facial Soap (Campaign,2014). Once this advertising is released it has caused an enorm ous controversy, it is considered so risquà © and inappropriateRead MoreComparison of Two Commercials Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesside-by-side, there are differences in the two. Some of these include that the Lexus ad uses predominantly the logos, or logical, appeal whereas the second uses pathos, the emotional appeal, the target audiences for both commercials, and the effectiveness of each. 1. Pathos or logos? 1. VW uses more pathos than Lexus. 1. Humor is effective tactic in advertising. 2. By using humor, advertisers make their product more memorable. 2. Lexus uses more Logos than VW. II. TargetRead MoreIntroduction to Emotion1205 Words   |  5 Pagesknotting in our stomachs, etc. when we feel an emotion. Emotions amp; Advertising Emotions are arguably defined as bodily changes, together with mental change, influencing one s decisions, sometimes out of the normal pattern for the individual, used particularly in reference to buying behavior. Advertisement is full of appeals. I believe there is hardly any advertisement, which has not appeals to make. General appeals include featuring product, drives amp; instincts (needs), motives, emotionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Advertising1149 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising is an essential for today’s business firms. The intention of advertising is to enhanced sales in the goods and services by capturing the attention of the people. The goal of advertising is to make awareness in the people minds. In Jib Fowles article, Advertisings Fifteen Basic Appeals, he addressed about how advertisers try to sell goods and services by posting messages through either observed or written messages. According to Jib Fowles, â€Å"Advertisers want to circumvent this shellRead MoreEssay on Advertisings Subliminal Message985 Words   |  4 Pagesperceptions in regards to marketing. Sometimes the reasoning can present a strong message; such as that from a dogmatic viewpoint where only one true choice exist within the mind of the observer. Though not always disagreeable such as the fallacious reason ing dogmatism; fallacious reasoning is used a lot in today’s advertising to influence people in society’s thinking, social atmospheres, and outlooks. The vessels used to reach these unknowing test subjects are viewers are promoted through media networksRead MoreCoca Cola s Big Game Commercial Appeals1111 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisement that could turn someone’s day completely around? Advertisements are used by companies every day to persuade viewers or make them feel a certain way about a certain situation. Some commercials show that hateful words are used every day on the internet, and are hurting the teens around the world every time they are posted for everyone to see. Like similar ads during the Super Bowl, Coca Cola’s Big Game commercial appeals to viewers through visuals and emotions, as well as incorporating the useRead MorePersuasive Requests vs. Sales Messages830 Words   |  3 PagesRequests versus Sales Messages The public is always free to make independent choices regarding what goods and services to purchase or what businesses and causes to support. Both sales messages and persuasive requests are intended to influence the behavior of a targeted audience. The main difference is that the sales message persuades by convincing the prospect that it is in his or her interest to buy. A persuasive message does this as well, but it usually attempts a broader appeal to other kinds of

A Brief Note On Spy And Racial Inequity Essay - 1035 Words

I Spy Racial Inequity The children’s activity I Spy assists participants in identifying objects in their world. While practicing awareness of the world is a vital lesson, do participants lack deeper levels of mindfulness? For example, people pinpoint objects in their physical environment with I Spy, but they may not notice how their cultural socialization promotes social stratification. Tracy Ore (2014) states that society socializes its members through their interpersonal interactions and society’s institutions (pp. 8-9). As I have progressed in my social work studies, I realize the educational and family institutions have given me an implicit knowledge that being white is superior to being a minority. The Influence of my Educational Institution Education is a beneficial tool because knowledge of different subject areas can create opportunities for children. Schools additionally teach students where they belong in a stratified, limiting society in indirect ways. Throughout my history courses, I learned that explorers and settlers enculturated the savage Indians. Textbooks emphasized how whites built their wonderful communities after ridding the land of Native-American influence. I now know this story is not accurate. In Occupied America: A History of Chicanos, Chicano Studies professor Rodolfo Acuà ±a (2015) notes that Western thinkers â€Å"disrespect or slight† Indian history because â€Å"it challenges the legitimacy of [Western] conquest† (p. 1). Since most history textbooksShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages6000 Anglo Neo-Europes Western Europe Latin Neo-Europes World average Southeast Asia China India 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Fig. 1.2 1850 1870 1900 1913 1930 Per Capita GDP in Regions of Emigration and Immigration Note: Calculated from data on GDP available in Angus Maddison’s www.ggdc.net/maddison. The category â€Å"Anglo Neo-Europes† represents the average for the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand; â€Å"Latin Neo-Europes,† the average of Argentina and Uruguay;Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception andRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesor for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and

Ideal Home Description Essay Free Essays

The first steps onto the property lead to a lavish driveway. There is a huge automated gate in front for privacy. Running parallel to the cream colored concrete driveway are trees on both sides. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideal Home Description Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The large booming trees shade the driveway when it is sunny out. Down the driveway put off to the side is a massive garage. The garage, like the home, is built with brick. Set off to the right, the garage can hold up to five cars. The doors of the garage are a maroon color that matches the window sills of the home. Moving back to the left, walking upon the home, there is a wide porch. It takes five steps to get to the top, and to see two pillars standing guard by the door. The pillars stand short and stocky, colored like ivory pearls. Pushing through the heavy red door with an odd shaped black iron door handle leads to the spacious foyer. Beside the left of the door inside the roomy foyer rests a hefty table to be used for mail and other things from the outside world that do not require immediate attention. To the right there are hooks to hang coats and keys. Also below the hooks is a rack for shoes that sits on a polished wood floor. Moving along through the foyer there is a large expansive staircase. The staircase slightly curves and leads into a hallway of rooms. There are three rooms on each side of the stairs. The first door on the right side of the stairs is brown. The room is painted a very bright green color with auburn carpet. Inside the room there are many toys. There are toys of all kinds; there are stuffed animals, dolls, cards, board games, and more. The door across from the toy room is a little brighter then the others. Walking in this door, there appears to be not much in it. The walls are the color of a soft blue sky with clouds and a nice light brown bamboo floor. It has large expanding windows for the sunlight to easily come in. There are many chairs to lounge in and a few spa chairs in the back corner. There is a closet on the right of the room that is filled with towels, lotions, creams, and etc. Leaving this room, there is one door left at the end of this side. Here is the largest room to explore yet. The walls are a calm and mature dim red like the color of blood. The floors are a dark polished bamboo. There are bright white carvings into the wall that make bookcases. Each wall is lined with them and is stocked with books. In the very back of the room there is a fireplace with a shaggy green rug in front of it. Two narrow long windows stand at the side of the fireplace. There are two brown armchairs spilt by a love couch in the middle of the same color. In the middle of the room, there are also a few low level bookcases filled with books. Leaving this room and entering the first room on the left side of the stairs, there is a full bathroom. The walls are a brilliant blue color with eggshell colored tiles. There is a closet to the left full with toiletries. The his and her sink is an intense red along with the toilet. The shower, which is also a tub, has a stainless steel door. The towel rack on the door holds blue towels that match the blue rug placed in front of the shower. Right between the door and the sink, a woven light brown hamper is placed to throw dirty clothes in. Out of the bathroom and moving along to the room across the hall is a door full of pictures. Inside the room there are vivid golden walls and bamboo flooring. Covering most of the floor is a gigantic purple rug. There is a desk in the top left corner of the room encased with papers and projects. A computer and mouse struggle to stay on top of all the work. Arranged in the right corner is a queen sized bed with a huge mahogany chest in front of it. The ceiling has a glow-in-the-dark universe full with stars and planets. There is one large dresser by the door stuffed with clothes. The closet on the other side is filled with shoes, coats, and dresses. The last room to explore upstairs is also quite massive, but not as giant as the room full of books. It has a queen sized bed in the middle where the floor is elevated. On one side there are two medium sized dressers lining the shady orange wall. On the other is an entertainment system full of the latest gadgets and a flat screen TV. There is a closet spewing clothes and shoes. The floor is tan colored carpet. Going back down the stairs and through the foyer is the kitchen. The kitchen has a large stainless steel refrigerator full of the healthiest and some of the most unhealthiest foods. Next to the refrigerator is a gas oven. There is an island in the middle with three bar stools. In the island there is also a stainless steel sink and cabinets underneath. The cabinets around the kitchen are mahogany colored to set off the pale white walls. They are filled with pots, pans, spices, and food. Also in the kitchen to match most of the house are more bamboo flooring. Through the kitchen to the right is the dining room. A sturdy dinning room table stands center with many chairs encasing it. The room has tan walls and polished dark flooring. There is an abstract arrangement of light fixtures hanging above the table for decoration. There is another bathroom behind the dining room that resembles the previous one mentioned. Back through the kitchen and to the left is the largest room in the house. It is the living room. Full of everything that is in a living room like a fireplace, TV, entertainment system with a stereo, and etc. The walls are a calm green color, and the floors are bamboo. Through the living room going back to the front of the house, there is the master bedroom. It contains a king-sized bed for everyone to crawl into. There are two large dressers, a walk-in closet inside a walk-in closet, and a bathroom that replicates the upstairs bathroom but twice the size. The main difference is the whirlpool hot tub in the far back. The other way through the living room, heading to the back of the house, leads to a patio. The patio holds sitting chairs and is a place to relax. It has a great view of the swimming pool and the enormous backyard. The yard contains a mini play-set with swings, a slide, and a jungle gym. A tree house was built in the far perimeter of the owned land property. There is a bevy of grass area for kids and pets to run around on. Also the tennis and basketball courts are on the far right side of the lawn. Next to the patio there is a spiral staircase that leads to the basement. The basement is a storage area filled with cold concrete flooring and unpainted drywall. It has one small room for guest with just a bed and a small dresser. Next to it is a small bathroom with just a standing shower, a toilet, and a sink which are all pearly white. Going back up the spiral staircase directs to the rear of the home. It illustrates the expansive lifestyle of the owners. Having six rooms upstairs used for multiple purposes, only two being bedrooms, and one a bathroom is a great deal. Along with the large living room, master bedroom, kitchen, and dining room, there are oodles of chores to be kept. Keeping maintenance in the abundant amount of rooms is hard work. Not to mention the total outside area that also needs to be well kept. This is an ideal home for families. How to cite Ideal Home Description Essay, Essays

Essay on Sample Resume Professional Development Plan Essay Example For Students

Essay on Sample Resume : Professional Development Plan Essay Professional Development Plan: Stapelberg, N 130069921. Purpose The engineering profession is one that is dedicated to finding solutions to problems varying in complexity in order to simplify the living of humanity. With such a highly recognized and valued profession comes great responsibility in ensuring the health and safety of the ones affected as well as ensuring the standard and reputation of the profession is upheld. This document serves as future candidate engineer (FCE), Mr Neil Stapelberg s, plan for the registration as Professional Mechanical Engineer with ECSA and includes one complete Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Cycle of five years. For the rest of the document Mr Stapelberg will be referred to as the FCE. No reference shall be made to any administrative aspects as these are clearly prescribed by ECSA and will simply be followed at the appropriate time.2. DirectionsThe FCE has always had a passion for vehicle engineering. Due to failing a first year module the FCE will only be doing his final year research project in 2017. A project relating to vehicle engineering will be the FCE s preference.3. CommitmentsThe FCE received financial support from his parents and thus has no financial commitments towards any company. This is advantageous in the sense that the FCE is free to take on any preferred job opportunity. However it may be difficult to find a job whereas bursary holders are ensured of a job after completing their studies. The FCE is interested in travelling abroad in order to gain experience contributing towards becoming a Professional Engineer. Thus far no such opportunity has presented itself but once the FCE graduates the applications will be taken more seriously.4. Candidate Devel. .erences†¢ Engineering Council of South Africa (2012). Competency Standard for Registration as a Professional Engineer. url: https://www.ecsa. co.za/RegisterDocuments/R- 02- PE.pdf (visited on 2016-04-05).†¢ Engineering Council of South Africa (2013a). Discipline-specific Training Guideline for Candidate Engineers in Mechanical Engineering. url: https://www. ecsa.co.za/ECSADocuments/ECSA%20Documents/Documents/R-05-MEC-PE.pdf (visited on 2016-04-16). †¢ Engineering Council of South Africa (2013b). Policy on Continuing Professional Development. url: https : / / www . ecsa . co . za / maintainregistration / MaintainReg / CPD _ Policy . pdf (visited on 2016-05-02).†¢ Engineering Council of South Africa (2013c). Rules of Conduct for Registered Persons. url: https: //www.ecsa.co.za/regulation/RegulationDocs/2014_Code_of_Conduct.pdf (visited on 2016-05-08). Words in text: 1060

Shakespeares The Merchant Of Venice Essays - Orientalism

Shakespeare's The Merchant Of Venice Although Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice is considered a comedy, cruelty runs rampant throughout the entire text of the play. Most of the characters exhibit some form of cruel behavior toward one another, including Lancelot who is cruel to his father Gobbio when he runs into him on the street. He engages the old man in belittling word play because his father has very poor eyesight and cannot tell that he is actually speaking to his own son. Everyone is cruel to Shylock; in fact, he is viewed as the outsider and often referred to as the devil. Shylock is the Jewish moneylender who makes a huge profit by lending money with exorbitant interest rates to the Christian population of Venice. I will not touch on the theme of racism and prejudice in the play, but it is common knowledge that Jews were not seen in a positive light in Elizabethan England at the time when Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice. Shylock hates the merchant Antonio in particular, for Antonio lends money to hi s fellow Christians without charging any interest on the loans, thus he takes away from Shylock's livelihood. I am going to center my discussion of the theme of cruelty to two of the characters in the play-Shylock and Portia. Although both characters are guilty of egregious and cruel acts, Portia's cruel acts against Shylock are seen as more acceptable for a couple of reasons. One reason is that Portia is motivated by her love for Bassanio, and another reason is that Shylock is Jewish, and heartless in his own right. Therefore, it is more socially acceptable to be cruel to him. Love makes the difference between Portia's scheming and Shylock's, between his litigation and hers, between his exercise of power and hers (Hobson, 201). In the beginning of the play, we find Portia lamenting about the situation her deceased father has created for her. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of this great world?But this reason is not in the fashion to choose me a husband. O, me, the word choose I may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I dislike. So is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father (Act 1, Scene 2). He has willed it so that she may not marry anyone but the one suitor who picks correctly from three caskets, one casket is made of gold, one is made of silver and one is made of lead. The man who picks correctly will find a picture of Portia inside, and he will be the one to marry Portia. Portia is frustrated that she has absolutely no say in whom she will marry-she cannot refuse the suitor who chooses correctly. Another aspect of this cruel arrangement is that if a suitor does not choose correctly, he will be forever banned from marriage. He may not ever ask another woman t o marry him, and he will die without an heir. Thus Portia's dead father has left a cruel legacy involving his daughter and her suitors. It seems that Portia is lucky in this lottery however. Bassanio chooses correctly from the three caskets and is to marry Portia, and she is happy with the circumstance. This is when the couple learns of Bassanio's friend Antonio's plight. Antonio had borrowed money on behalf of Bassanio, promising to pay it back when his ships came into port with their cargoes. It seems that Antonio's ships were shipwrecked, and he cannot pay back the bond held by the lender, Shylock. Shylock is very adamant about receiving his payment from the doomed Antonio, which calls for a pound of flesh, and therefore death, if the bond is forfeited. As I stated earlier, Shylock possesses a hatred for Antonio fueled by the fact that Antonio lends money without charging interest. I hate him for he is a Christian, but more for that in low simplicity he lends out money in gratis and brings down the rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear hi m (Act 1, Scene 3, line 41).

The Continuum of Long-Term Care Essays

The Continuum of Long-Term Care Essays The Continuum of Long-Term Care Essay The Continuum of Long-Term Care Essay The Continuum of Long-Term Care Lukita Wilson November 28, 2010 David Olsen Long-Term Care A variety of services that provides medical and non-medical needs toward individuals who are suffering from chronic illness, disability or old age is known as long-term care. Long- term care meets the needs of individuals who are no longer able to do many activities, which include bathing, dressing, cooking, and using the bathroom. This year, about nine million men and women over the age of 65 will need long-term care (Medicare. ov). By 2020, 12 million older Americans will need long-term care. Most will be cared for at home; family and friends are the sole caregiver for 70 percent of the elderly. A study by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services says that people will likely have a 40 percent chance of entering a nursing home will stay there five years or more (Medicare. gov). The goal for long-term care in the twenty-first century is to be organized as an eff icient, coordinated continuum of high-quality care (Evashwick, 2005). According to Evashwick and Rundall continuum of care is defined as more than a collection of fragmented services; it is an integrated system of care. Therefore, in order for long-term care to provide an quality of care, each services provided must work together as an organization. Managing Health Care Resources for Long-Term Care In order for long-term care to continue providing services they have adapted to change during the last decades. The organization has created different ways of providing services to individuals, especially now that a lot of ndividuals are at a certain age and they know exactly what type of service they want. Long-term care consumers want to maintain their current lifestyles and increasingly willing to shop around for providers who can accommodate them (Pratt, 2004). They want to receive care at home whenever possible, resulting in more demand for home health care and other home based services. Their desire for a homelike environment even when institutionalize d has led to assisted living, congregate housing, and other similar modifications of the more traditional types of long-term care (Pratt, 2004). Long-term care have noticed competition from other providers such as hospitals that would like to capitalize on such services because they are trying to survive, so they have decided to change certain aspects (Pratt, 2004). The changes in the system have also created new opportunities for those long-term care providers clever enough to see and take advantage of them. They must decide whether they should compete by themselves or join forces with others to strengthen their strategic position (Pratt, 2004). Long-Term Care Services Individuals that need long-term care in some point in their life have many options to choose from that will not interrupt their independence to a certain aspect. there are many programs that can be found in the community such as adult day service centers, transportation services, and home care agencies. Also, there are other providers that needed when the individual has certain medical needs such as assisted living, continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) and nursing homes. Majority of long-term that is provided starts at home and a member of the family is usually the caregiver. Its estimated that individuals currently turning 65 may need 3 years of long-term care in their lifetime, with almost 2 years of that care provided at home. The majority of care that is provided at home-about 80 percent- is provided by unpaid caregivers (National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care, 2008). Each organization under long-term care provides medical and non-medical care and social settings that fulfills the agreement of continuum of care. The programs and housing available includes support from health care providers that will try to maintain the quality of care individuals need. Transitioning in Long-Term Continuum In order to transition patients from one level to another level of care in the health continuum, long-term care organizations partake in transfer agreements. Transfer agreements are arrange between different levels of care and the providers after the other level no longer needed. â€Å"Hospitals have had agreements for placing their patients in nursing facilities or with home health care agencies. The two providers have worked out agreements to move consumers back and forth between them as care needs change† (Pratt, 2004, pg 222). Transfer agreements usually spell out such things as the clinical or functional conditions of patients for whom the receiving organization is prepared to care, which avoids appropriate transfers. They signify agreement on the types of information shared , saving providers and consumers potential grief and improving the quality of care (Pratt, 2004, pg 222). By different organizations participating in transfer agreements, it brings them business that would help keep them up float. For example, home health care agencies would profit by taking in transfers from hospitals and other long-term care organizations. Future Trends of Long-Term Care During this time the elderly are living longer and in a couple of years, baby boomers are about to retire so the need for long-term care is relevant. Consumers are at a point where they know exactly how they want a certain a degree of care for themselves as well as their family members. â€Å"Creation of new services has created additional demand. As more consumer-friendly services have become available and consumers have become more knowledgeable about them, there has been an increase in user of those services† (Pratt, 2004, pg 418). Even though long-term organizations are creating new services, many individuals continue to lack the quality of care they deserve and because of that Congress is stepping in. â€Å"As Congress and the Obama administration consider broad-based health reform, efforts to restructure long-term care are taking on greater urgency and policy experts have put forward several reform plans aimed at improving access to careâ€Å"(Gleckman, 2009). The main concern about long-term care is providing the money to pay for individuals and care providers. As a result, policymakers are considering several proposals for substantial reform. These fall under three categories: Shifting the focus of Medicaid long-term benefits to home care, expanding the long-term care and geriatric workforce, and restructuring the means of finance† (Gleckman, 2009). Federal and state have agreed that many individuals should think about long-term care insurance. In fact, federal and state have discussed providing ta x credits and deductions for buying long-term care insurance. Conclusion Evashwick defines continuum of care as a client-oriented system composed of both services and integrating mechanisms that guides and tracks clients over time through comprehensive array of health, mental health, and social services spanning Based on that definition, long term care has tried many methods in order to fulfill the promise of providing quality of care to all individuals who are need. Long term care has upgraded many of their organizations to allow many consumers to have a home based atmosphere at any level of care which includes services such as hospices, adult day centers, and improving community and base care. Even though long-term care organizations have obtain many resources they are lacking financial ability which has caused a major politicians will come together to help improve the financial responsibility especially or hurdle in providing quality of care. Hopefully, Congress and other politicians will figure that side of continuum of care when the baby boomers are about to retire. References Evashwick, C. (2005). The Continuum of Long- term care. (3rd edition). Clifton Park (NY): Delmar. Gleckman, K. (2009). The future of Long-Term Care: What is its place in the Health reform Debate. Retrieved from urban. org/UploadedPDF/411908_longterm_care. pdf Medicare. gov (2009). Retrieved from medicare. gov/longtermcare/static/home. asp National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information. (2008). Retrieved from longtermcare. gov/LTC/Main_Site/index. aspx Pratt, J. R. (2004). Long-Term Care: Management across the continuum. (2nd edition). Sudbury (MA): Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

International Foundation Programme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Foundation Programme - Essay Example 1. Question One According to the statistics from the United Kingdom Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA), the number of international students from Europe enrolled in UK’s institutions of higher education was about 428,225 for the year 2010-2011. This indicates that there was a considerable increase in the number of students of approximately 6% compared to 2009-2010 405,810 students. International students make up 14% of full-time first-degree students, 70% of post degree full-time students, and 48% for full-time research degrees students (UKCISA). Among these, 26% are currently students in London, with about 11,320 of these students originating from Cyprus. Majority of the students currently studying in the UK are from the Republic of Ireland, with a student population of 16,855 (UKCISA). Majority of these students opt to study in the United Kingdom, as the standards of the education system in the UK are way above those in their countries of origin. If we look a t Cyprus for instance, the state is a relatively small island with lack of competitive marketing especially in the education sector. Therefore, UK becomes an enticing option for most of the Cypriots, as it is quite a big and powerful country. After completion of studies, a significant portion of these international students hopes to find employment opportunities within the UK labour force industry (UKCISA). 2. Question Two Because of globalization, the importance of English is growing inevitably. An analytical look and study at the world today indicates that there are 53 countries that predominantly use English as their official language or widely spoken. Statistics indicates that there are 192 independent countries across the globe. When we put this number into math, nearly 27% of the world countries do know English. Twenty-seven percent is quite a high number when compared to variety of different languages (Georgieva and James, 2010:37). Now if we look at this research it is clear that the demand for English should be high. Strong countries such as, UK, USA and Canada are English speaking countries, which makes English even more alluring. As seen from the analysis of world in general, English is stronger in some countries than in others across the world. If we take Europe for example, English is not that important. All rules and regulations are written in every language, which this creates more flexibility in terms of trade. English is quite important in world countries therefore nowadays countries like China are getting stronger in world market. As china now has one of the strongest economies and production power, this may make Chinese a must language rather than English. Globalization has made English such an important language that people compare it to basic skills of modern life, comparable to using a personal computer or driving a car (Georgieva and James, 2010:38). 3. Question Three International Foundation Year (IFY) helps students in their English as well as informing them of the education system of UK. The foundation incorporates rules of writing essays and the manner in which to do presentations. The international foundation year helps the student to gather all these important information so that they can improve their English. In addition, the foundation helps the person for the 1st year of university education (Page, 2006:119). It instils a sense of discipline among the students such that they do not fail in

Huntington Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Huntington Disease - Essay Example Autosomal dominant alteration (mutation) in any of the tow copies of an individual’s gene known as Huntington. Thus each child of the affected person usually has 50% chances of inheriting the Huntington’s disease. The physically apparent Huntington’s disease may develop at any age from birth to the death, but commonly they show up between the period of 35 to 44 years of age (Purdon et al., 1994). Clinical features Physical examination of an individual often in combination with psychological examination may help in the determination of the beginning of the onset of the Huntington’s disease. Extreme unplanned movements of body part are frequently the grounds for attempting medical consultation. Moreover, if these movements are disconnected and have haphazard distribution and timing, they propose the diagnosis of Huntington’s disease. Psychiatric or cognitive symptoms are seldom the initial diagnosed but they are commonly only distinguished in apprehen sion or when they grow further. The level of progression of disease can be gauged using a unified HD rating scale which renders an overall scoring system based on behavioral, motor, functional and cognitive assessments. Medical imaging, like MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computerized tomography), can reveal caudate nuclei’s atrophy in the earlier stages of the disease but these alterations does not provide diagnostic of the disease. Cerebral atrophy is evident in the progressed stages. Functional neuroimaging methods such as PET and fMRI can reveal alterations in brain activity prior to the onset of symptoms (physical) but are used for experimental purposes and thus are not employed clinically (Jang-Ho Cha and Young, 2000). Huntington’s disease is characteristically a grownup onset disorder qualified by insidious onset of psychiatric as well as neurologic symptoms (Harper, 1996; Ranen et al., 1996). Within the U.S., about 25,000 individuals are impacted by H D (almost 10 out of 100,000 population) and roughly 150,000 individuals have 50% risk for the Huntington’s disease because of bearing an affected parent (Jang-Ho Cha and Young, 2000). The symptoms typically commence in the period between 35 to 45 years of age while disease onset may range from as immature as 2 years or as aged as 80 years. Early symptoms consist of personality change and the continuing emergence of small spontaneous movements (Harper, 1996). Symptoms develop, with chorea turning more incapacitating and obvious. Over existence, motor symptoms deteriorate such that difficulty in walking increases as do eating and speaking. Weight loss is general, to some extent because of the extra energy needed for extrinsic movements but also to heightened expenditures of quiescent basal energy. the majority HD patients ultimately surrender to aspiration pneumonia, due to swallowing difficulties (Purdon et al., 1994). Around 10% cases of HD initiate prior to the age of 20. Th e Westphal variant (juvenile form) exhibits more parkinsonian nature. Instead of chorea, the eminent features are rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor. The juvenile onset may contain seizures. Juvenile onset typically consequences from transmission from father (Nance and Myers, 2001). Among individuals who produce symptoms prior to 10 year’s age, it has been seen that greater than 90% possess father with the same disease (Ranen et al., 1996). This propensity for anticipation of onset in younger age within following generations is

Pluralism vs. Elitism in Public Policy Making Essay

Pluralism vs. Elitism in Public Policy Making - Essay Example The elitist view of power, on the other hand states that â€Å"political power should be in the hands of a relatively small part of the general population that shares a common understanding about the fundamental issues facing society and government†3. Those who advocate the elitist view of power argue that the general public is best served when a basic consensus exists among a country’s top leaders regarding fundamental issues. â€Å"Although these leaders may disagree on minor issues, or even compete against one another for positions of authority in government, the fact that they share a common view on issues that might otherwise split the nation is regarded as an important foundation for governing†4. With the practice of democracy in the United States as the principal basis of such claims by pluralists and elitists, is it safe to say that equality under the law is enforced in the face of political, social, and religious diversity among men, and the conflicting interests of their representatives? The Dispersal of Power among Groups Pluralism gives stress on the role of interest groups in political agendas in the United States. ... They further emphasize that politics is not the central decision-making of a united public acting through the state, but the result of continuous competition, bargaining, and exchange among groups representing different interests. Pluralists accepted Schumpeter’s broad view that what separate democracies from non-democracies are the methods by which government officials are elected. Democracy, in the United States of America, is generally regarded as synonymous to political pluralism despite the rise of scholarly notions that say otherwise. For Weber, elite domination within the state apparatus was inevitable. As Weber himself puts it, â€Å"all ideas aiming at abolishing dominance of men over men are illusory†5. The crucial feature of the state is located within its roles as the major authoritative associated within a given territory. For the state to maintain its central position it has to claim a monopoly of the legitimate use of force. Domination, or as Weber termed it, â€Å"the authoritarian power of command† is a necessary and inevitable feature of this process. However, the concentration of both economic and political decision making in the hands of a central government bureaucracy is incompatible with democracy. Democracy requires limited government, individual freedom, and dispersal of power in society On September 17, 1787 the Constitution of the United States of America was approved and instituted the following fundamental principles: (1) standard sovereignty, or control by the people, (2) a republican government in which the people select representatives to make decisions for them, (3) limited government with written laws, separation of powers, with checks and balances among branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power, and

Advantages And Disadvantages Relying On Field Notes English Language Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Relying On Field Notes English Language Essay At the first step of this assessment I have to answer what the advantages and disadvantages are of relying solely on field notes, in comparison with producing a transcription of an audio or video recording. During the second half of the twentieth century, there was a huge growth in the amount of educational research and the emergence of a substantial methodological literature on how best to pursue it. The educational research became quite diverse, not only in the topics examined but also in the methodological and theoretical approaches that are used. Perhaps not surprisingly, disagreement is closely associated with such diversity, and there are even differences of opinion over what is and is not research, and what is and is not educational research(E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 63). Field notes or transcription of an audio or video recording are characteristics of reflective practice and of what is often referred to as action research. Nevertheless, a great deal of educat ional enquiry is carried out as a separate task from educational practice, even when it is designed to inform practice directly. In this matter, the researchers may not be educational practitioners themselves, although they frequently are (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 63). Concerning the range of strategies that can be used to pursue educational research it is a wide range of issues such as laboratory and classroom experiments, large-scale surveys of the behaviour, attitude, etc. The results of the research, i.e. the data may be the product of direct observation on the part of the researcher or it may be produced by others, and can take a variety of forms, such as answering questionnaires by ticking in boxes on interview or observational schedules, numbers as recorded in published statistics, text from published or unpublished documents or from field notes written by the researcher during the course of observations or interviews, audio-or video-recordings and transcripts of these(Research Methods in Education, Handbook, p.26). A common way of conceptualizing this diversity is the distinction between quantitative and qualitative approaches and it is necessary, however, to emphasize that it is a very crude distinction and one that is potentially misleading. The most obvious distinction between the two sorts of research is that the former deals with numbers whereas the latter does not or does to a minor degree. Going back to the main point of the question I have to deal with the qualitative research since field notes or audio video recording are within this category. As interview transcripts are made and field notes of observation compiled the researcher continuously examines the data, by highlighting certain points in the text or making comments in the margins. The important points are identified by the researcher noting contradictions and inconsistencies, comparisons and contrasts with other data and so on. At this point the researcher is not just collecting data, but thinking about it and interacting with it. Much of these first attempts at speculative analysis will probably be discarded, but some ideas will no doubt take shape as data collection and analysis proceed. Much of this early activity may appear chaotic and uncoordinated, but such `chaos is a prolific seed-bed for ideas (Research Methods in Education, Handbook, p. 68). However, sometimes, because of the pressure of time, the notes the researcher makes may be little more than a scribbled comment, or a one-word `indicator particularly as the research goes on, one might write longer notes or memos or summarize parts of data that go together and that could be one of the disadvantages for the field notes. On the other hand, by writing the notes down, the researcher has the advantage of memorising better the outcome of the interview. Concerning though the audio video recording as it used to happen in the past, qualitative researchers relied primarily on written field notes as a source of data. However today, they use audio or video recorders, although they often supplement these recordings with field notes in order to provide additional information that may not be evident in the recordings which is one of its disadvantages. In addition, this might include such things as the layout of the setting, what happened before the recording began, talk that was too quiet to be picked up by the microphone, who was speaking to whom, non-verbal behaviour of various kinds, and behaviour that may be obscured on the video recording. Generally speaking, the aim when writing field notes is to provide as detailed and accurate an account as possible of the nature of a setting, and of what was said and done while the observation was being carried out (E891 Educational Enquiry, Media Guide, p. 8). Another advantage of the audio video recording is the opportunity the researcher has to play over and over the interview and clarify more what he hears. In contrast, by audio video interview, the interviewee loses his own privacy since an interview is more or less a confession. (824 words) Question 2 During the second half of the twentieth century, educational research has moved away from the use of the quantitative method and the associated reliance on positivist ideas about methodology, and towards various kinds of post-positivist approach although neither quantitative research nor the influence of positivism disappeared completely. Educational research came increasingly reliant on relatively unstructured forms of data, such as audio and video recordings, open-ended field notes, and published or unpublished documents even using material from the internet. This data was analysed in ways that did not rely on quantitative method, being designed instead to produce accounts that are similar in basic character to those written, for example, by historians (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 81). As a result, qualitative researchers work mainly with relatively unstructured data which is not framed in terms of analytic categories at the point of data collection. Researchers are using observational data produced in the form of open-ended field notes describing what is observed in plain and concrete language, and/or through audio or video recordings which are then transcribed. In addition researchers may use data from relatively unstructured interviews in other words, those that do not involve asking a set of pre-specified questions, or offering informants a choice from pre specified answers. Instead, for the most part, their aim is to encourage informants to talk in their own terms about matters that may be relevant to the research. Once again, the data is recorded by means of field notes, and/or more usually by audio recording and transcription (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 104). Moreover, observation as a source of data uses most kinds of documents, observation requires the researcher to record the data by means of field notes, audio or video recording. Whenever electronic recordings are used, these usually must be transcribed, which in a sense are time-consuming activities that must be carried out before the even more time consuming activity of analysis starts. Very often observation in qualitative research uses audio or video recording which usually provides a more accurate and detailed record than the use of field notes. However, these techniques still do not record everything. For example audio recordings omit nonverbal behaviour that may be very significant in understanding what is being expressed. On the other hand, camera angle will make some things visible and others obscure or out of focus. Furthermore, both audio and video recordings need to be transcribed, and errors can be introduced here. Even transcription involves inference (Ochs, 1979, p.2). The researchers have to be very careful when interviewing people and collecting data. In other words, they reject the idea that interview data can be used either as a window into the minds of informants or as a source of information about the social worlds in which they live. At this second part of my assignment the question which is needed to be answered is what would be lost by relying on audio recording rather than a video recording. Up to now, I have tried to analyse the usage of the audio video recording by the researchers and pick point advantages and disadvantages of this method. There is a need for more time to be consumed when we do the transcription of an audio instead of a video recording due to the fact that we can only listen to the audio instead of listening and watching a video recording. In addition, with the audio recording we lose important non-verbal and contextual information. Unless we are familiar with the speakers we may also find it difficult to distinguish between different voices. Wherever possible, supplement audio-recordings with field-notes or a diary providing contextual information. Moreover, audio recordings omit nonverbal behaviour that may be very significant in understanding. What is happening while a researcher is asking someone something that could be seen in the video recording is easier to be interpreted. Laughter or coughing could be very important on the ground of what it is said but is missing from the audio recording since both need to be transcribed and errors can be introduced here easier with audio recording since transc ription involves inference. Moreover, the usage of the audio recording may mislead the researcher since he only has the voice and not a picture of the interviewee. However it is more intimidating to video record an interviewer and it goes without saying that permission should be sought before any audio or video recording. (736 words) Question 3 Coming to the third part of the assignment, I have to point out the advantages and disadvantages of the structured interviewing. Structured interview falls into the educational research. According to Stenhouse A research tradition which is accessible to teachers and which feeds teaching must be created if education is to be significantly improved.(An introduction to Curriculum Research and Development, 1975, p.165). Furthermore, David Tripps words are very significant as he mentioned the importance of the educational research by saying that there is no doubt if educational research seeks to improve practice it needs to be grounded in educational events and not in academic theories (Critical Incidents in Teaching, 1993, p. 152). From my own experience, this is very important to me, since I recognised the fact that I had been very successful in the classroom while being ignorant of what academics considered knowledge essential to teaching. I actually became aware of the difference betw een knowledge of academics and knowledge of teachers after I had taken educational lessons in pedagogy as part of the compulsory pre service course so that I could continue teaching. Additionally, improving teaching is by grounding in educational research in realities of teachers everyday experience. We are all familiar with interviews from everyday life which basically the interview is an interactional format that consists of an interchange between one or more people by asking questions and a person (or a number of people) answering them. An interview can be distinguished from a test or an oral examination in that the aim is for the person questioned to provide information or opinions, while the interviewer does not usually make any explicit evaluation of the answers beyond what might be required for the sake of politeness (E891 Educational Enquiry, Media Guide, p. 10). Even though interviews are described in broad terms, we also recognise when an interview is taking place and it is also important to understand the considerable variation in their character. This is not just about differences in purpose but even research interviews may vary considerably in a number of ways. As it was mentioned before, it is possible to interview one or more persons simultaneously thus marking the distinction between individual and group interviews. Another significant difference concerns where an interview takes place on whose territory, for example. In structured interviews characteristic of survey research, interviewers in general, reveal as little as less possible about themselves, in contrast of what can be read from their appearance and behaviour. However, this is the case during the formal part of the interview; there is more to be disclosed in informal interchanges before or after the interview. However, in qualitative interviews, with their more unstructured format, it is common for interviewers to provide more information about themselves. In addition, some commentators have argued that they are obliged to do this, as part of an appropriate reciprocity that ought to operate between researcher and researched (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 234). Another fact that the researcher should take into consideration when he or she is preparing a structured interview is the design of the interview. To avoid mistakes piloting is very necessary. Observation schedules and the way the researcher records observations also ne ed to be reliable, since it needs to mean the same to others as it does to you. You need to make sure that you negotiate with each other to arrive at mutually agreed definitions of the behaviours and situations you want to concentrate on. As Coolican points out: We know that each persons view of a situation is unique and that our perceptions can be biased by innumerable factors. An untrained observer might readily evaluate behaviour which the researcher wants reported as objectively as possible. Where the trained observer reports a hard blow, the novice might describe this as `vicious' (Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology, 1990, p.63). Coming back to my working experience, as an assistant head master, I experience structured and semi structured interviews almost every day. Being with young students from 15 to 18 years of age as educators we are in constant discussion with them. While I was studying for the structured interview my mind always goes back on the first days of each year for the first year students in school. Every assistant head master normally is responsible for at least 25 first year students; as a result, I always have freshmen at school that I have to interview them so I can have a brief idea about them. The interview is developed as a structured one and many questions could be answered by either answering yes or no or by filling in with a few words. The most important for me is to drain as more useful information as possible. Furthermore, based on the given participants answers to my questions, I have to determine not only the students personal problems, hobbies and interests but also oral fluency, vocabulary strengths, and general communication skills. This assessment target, which in a sense is not part of the structured interview it is a tool which I have to develop so that I can comment at the end of the interview for myself. As it is obvious, the interviewees are often nervous and sometimes are shy. I usually put a lot of effort to get as more as possible from the interviewee and this sometimes becomes more and more difficult for me. As Mcnamara mentioned the interviews are particularly useful for getting the story behind a participants experiences and the interviewer can pursue in-depth information around the topic but it is also useful as follow-up to certain respondents to questionnaires, e.g., to further investigate their responses. (General Guidelines for Conducting Interviews, 1999, p. 12). Whenever I come to the end of the interview, a lot of thoughts go through my head. The fact that I learn more about my students could become an advantage or a disadvantage for me or any interviewer. However, this part should stay with me or any other interviewer and I should explore more strengths or weaknesses of this method. As a starting point for the advantages of an interview I should mention the fact that all participants are getting equal chances to answer on the same questions and present themselves as best as possible since all the questions are set up in such a way to give them the opportunity. Face-to-face structured interviews are quicker to conduct and they give better opportunity to assess the interviewees meaning and interpretation of the questions. They also help to identify any confusion that might come up from the so asked question or answer, more easily and efficiently. In addition, they allow the chance to present material to interviewees and get their reactions. Furthermore, face-to-face structured interviews are generally better than mail questionnaires with interviewees with unknown educational skills that may not be clarify for the questions asked. They are also helpful when sensitive information is looked for since interviewers normally can establish a trust with the interviewee and they are able to drain answers to questions that the interviewee may otherwise be negative to answer or to answer truthfully. In addition, where less is known about the way in which interviewees think about an issue or about the range of possible answers to a question, structured interviews has the chance for interviewers to ask additional questions, if needed to get reasonable answers. Moreover interviewees are asked the same questions in the same way. This makes it easy to repeat (replicate) the interview. In other words, this type of research method is easy to standardise and provides a reliable source of quantitative data. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages from the structured interview such as the associated one with obtaining data from tests, questionnaires and structured interviews. These methods are often aimed at capturing dispositions, such as respondents abilities, attitudes or tendencies to act in particular ways. However, peoples responses to particular questions or test items on particular occasions within the research context may be different from what they would typically say or do in other circumstances. In other words, their responses may be generated by particularities of the research context, and may not apply more generally. Even where the responses are the product of a disposition, researchers will not know exactly under what conditions this disposition is acted on (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 148). However, interviews also develop the dynamic for an interviewer to intentionally or unintentionally influence results and violate consistency in measurement. The survey interviewees are very sensitive to cues given by the interviewers verbal and non-verbal behavior. As well, an interviewer has the opportunity to ask further questions or give clarifications and may undountefully influence the expected answers. Although they are faster to conduct than mail questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews are costly due to the amount of staff time required to conduct interviews and to the cost of travel. Coming to my interviews, I am, however, generally able to make fairly accurate judgments about students background and abilities. In most cases, I also get feedback as interviewer. Many participants said they found my tone of voice and my encouraging approach very helpful. That kind of feedback certainly helped me as the interviewer. (1540 words) Coolican, H. (1990) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology, London, Hobber and Stoughton. E891 Educational Enquiry, Media Guide, (2007), The Open University. E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, (2007), The Open University. McNamara, C., (1999), PhD. General Guidelines for Conducting Interviews, Minnesota. Ochs, E. (1979) Transcriptions as theory in Ochs, E. (ed.) Developmental Pragmatics, New York, Academic Press. Research Methods in Education, Handbook, (2003), The Open University. Stenhouse, L.(1975) An introduction to Curriculum Research and Development, London, Heinemann. Tripp, D. (1993) Critical Incidents in Teaching, London, Routledge.

Hary Potter :: essays research papers

Name of book: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Type of book: Fiction (Fantasy) Why did you choose this book: I chose Harry Potter and the Half-Blood prince because I have read the past 5 Harry Potter books. I waited 2 years for this book to come out, I could not wait to know what happened next in the series as I purchased the book right when it was released. Setting: The Harry Potter books take place in England and an imaginary wizarding word (Hogwarts, Diagon Alley etc) Main Character #1: Harry Potter – Harry potter is the first main character in the Harry Potter series. He has messy hair, wears round glasses and is very skinny. In the Half-Blood Prince Harry is 16 and a much more mature boy then in any of the past books. Having seen death in the face in all the other books Harry is ready for anything. The child they now call the â€Å"Chosen One† is the only one who can save the wizarding world from the dark wizard Voldermort or â€Å"He-who-must-not-be-named†. Harry is now ready to avenge his parents death. Harry’s famous lightening scar on his forehead is a remnant of Voldermort trying to kill him when he was a mere child. Some people accept that he is the â€Å"Chosen One† while others despise of him and want him dead. Main Character #2: Dumbledore – Dumbledore is going into his 6th year as being Harry’s headmaster at Hogworts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He has very long white hair and a silver beard, a crooked nose and is a tall man. He is referred to sometimes as the most knowledgeable wizard in the wizarding world. He is very smart and a very strong wizard. So strong that Voldermort even fears him. Dumbledore was one always to believe when Harry told him Voldermort was back while others didn’t. Dumbledore always looks things over very carefully. He believed in Harry and was the one who told Harry that he alone must kill Voldermort. Was the book believable, realistic, and true to life? Why or why not?: I don’t believe that the Harry Potter books are true and realistic. Magic is Fantasy and not Reality. People cannot just vanish one instant and be some where else the next second (apperating). You can’t just flick a wand and mend a broken bone. None of that stuff exists in the real world. Describe any changes in the Main characters:

How to Achieve Your Goals

Achieving Your Goals â€Å"The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind. † – Lee Iacocca In today’s work world you have to be aware and be prepared for survival. Awareness starts with accepting the breathless pace of the ever growing technology and the fact that corporations can no longer guarantee job security. The job requirements keep changing with the advancements in technology. Lifelong learning is essential if you want to go with the flow and not drown in it. Up and ahead is not the only direction to move in an organization.If your sole definition of success is getting promoted or advancing in pay/status/job title, then you are not thinking broadly enough. In the new world of work, it is important to consider multiple directions in which your career could move and to focus on those moves that help you develop your employability the most. Focus on progress, not perfection. Flexibility is the key to it all. Self-Managed learning gives us that flexibility. Below are some pointers which will help get us to focus on achieving our goals: Aims & Requirements: First things first. Write down clearly what you are aiming at.What do you want to do? Why do you want to do it? Who do you want to be? What would you get out of it? Where do you want to reach? What all would you need to know to get there? Now picture yourself there. Keep that in mind always even when you face with failures. This will help you keep moving forward. Set achievable and realistic goals. Creating a Time Table: Whatever may be our goal, making a time table always helps us manage our time properly. For example, If we were on a ‘weight loss’ goal keeping a record of all our calorie intakes, the time we take to work out along with our daily routine will help us a great deal.We will know where we are going wrong, where we need to improve, what all could be done to help us improve ourselves. It k eeps us in check and helps us know our progress. There could be a column in which we can self-assess ourselves (give grades and fun remarks) to motivate and encourage us to go on. Yes, it would be a pain keeping tabs, but hard work pays more than short cuts ever will. Personal Orientation: Personal Orientation helps us to understand how we relate to an environment/situation/relationship. It gives us the opportunity to discover our aptitudes, interests and aspirations.When we are looking for a job in a company, this could help us to know what we can give to them. It could also help us to align our interests to what the company is looking for. For personal orientation you should learn to explore your world. Make mistakes and learn from them. It will help you make better choices suiting your interests. In short, personal orientation will help you feel more sure of yourself in this complex and ever changing technological world. Deadlines: Deadlines help us to make use of our time more e fficiently so as to get maximum output. It also helps to keep laziness at bay.When you know something has to be done within the specified time limit you tend to work harder to get it done. When things get hard we tend to keep it off until the next day. Deadlines keep a check on that. Without the urgency of a hard deadline pushing your work to completion, it’s easy for you to lose focus. As illustrator Christoph Niemann pointed out in a 99% interview, â€Å"Deadlines can actually help us by creating a fixed window of opportunity that requires us to be focused, pragmatic and decisive: In advertising, and also editorial, when people have 2 days, the briefing is much better, and the discussion is much better.It’s not that people just sign off on anything because they’re in a hurry. They’re just really looking at what they have, and trying to make the best product, and get it done. The problem is when people have too much time on their hands. Because then at some point everybody’s going to question, â€Å"Why did you make it red, not green? † and â€Å"Could we try it upside-down, or left to right? † and then at some point it becomes arbitrary. If the anxiety is about the deadline, then the energy really focuses on the result. If there is not anxiety about a deadline, all of the anxiety goes right to the creative part. Review your progress regularly Keep reviewing your progress daily. This will help you get back on track if you go off course. Monitoring your progress might also motivate you to work harder. These could be included in the Time table. Celebrate! Congratulate yourself when you manage to get through an especially tough spot. Give yourself a treat. Self-Reflection & staying true to your goals: â€Å"By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is the easiest; and third, by experience, which is the most bitter. –  Confucius How true the se words ring. No matter what goals we have set for ourselves or how efficient we have made our time table unless we really truly believe we are capable of it, we will most probable fail. Self-reflection is important. We have to understand and conquer our fears, come to terms with our inner self and strengths. This might seem a waste of time for most people but that’s not so. Being able to remove all those thoughts and feeling which are holding us back from giving our 100% can open so many doors for us. We will not be afraid to take the next step. It will help us grow as a person.We have to believe we can do it. And then we will become what we believe. Making goals is easy, but working towards achieving them might not be so. Anything worth having takes time and effort. So be prepared to face challenges to get what you want. Don’t let obstacles damper your desire for success. Even after having set your goals getting started is often the hardest thing to do. But doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t success taste the sweetest after some hard work? Try to follow your plans with a true heart and I’m sure you’ll success in every walk of life. And yes, pray to God! He will help you with it all!

Culture Humility Essay Example

Culture Humility Essay Example Culture Humility Paper Culture Humility Paper What is the relevance of practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling? The relevance of practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling is that this practice builds trust in the counselor-client relationship, rather than the tearing down or stereotyping of that or other cultures. In helping professions it is mandatory to consider the needs of the client as well as factors that influence the clients needs or communication of needs. By practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling the ounselor understands the importance of being a life-long learner and that the continuous growing, learning, and considering the uniqueness of each individual is paramount for the counselors success. Cultural humility ensures a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, readdressing the power imbalances in the patient physician dynamic and to developing mutually beneficial and no paternalistic clinical and advocacy partnership with communities on behalf of the individuals and defined populations (Murray-Garcia Tervalon, 1998). Cultural humility in the field of counseling lessens the potential for cultural stereotyping. Cultural stereotyping is functioning under the belief that each culture can be defined and not taking into account the uniqueness of each individual. Different experiences in school with peers, as well as qualitative differences in how parents treat them will contribute to individual uniqueness (Sue Sue, 2008). This statement is basically conveying that not all people are the same, and not all people within a culture handle situations the same. Just because I may have the same beliefs, doesnt mean I may agree with the way things are handle within your particular household. Cultural humility allows for the counselor to act as a learner of the client and not as an expert. It allows for a counselor to seek to learn, rather than to impose their knowledge on individuals. Cultural humility comes from stepping away from the comfort zone of expert and acknowledging when we might not know what else to do (Austerlic, 2009). References Austerlic , S. (2009). Cultural humility and compassionate presence at the end of life. Retrieved from scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/culturally- competent-care/chronic- Murray-Garcia, J. , Tervalon , M. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. Sue, D. W. , Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the culturally diverse, theory and practice. 5th ed. ). Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. What is the difference between cultural competence and cultural humility? Cultural competence and cultural humility could be misunderstood to be the same, but are quite different. Cultural competence is the ensuring that ones culture is being considered, whereas cultural humility is the ongoing practices of considering ones culture, confronting self-awareness, and constantly learning about the dynamic world in which we live in. The difference in that previous statement is that with competence, you are trying to make sure that steps are taken to ensure that a particular culture is recognized, hereas with humility, it is a norm to make sure that a culture is recognized and appreciated. Cultural competence is a conceptual framework to help providers 2009). Whereas cultural humility is the practice with no foreseeable end goal but instead a paradigm of understanding that ones culture is to be considered individually; that in order to effectively consider another there must first be complete consideration of ones self. Cultural humility comes from thinking outside the box and stepping away from the the sense of normalcy to acknowledging when we might not now what else to do (Austerlic, 2009). It is a process that requires humility as individuals continually engage in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners (Murray-Garcia Tervalon, 1998). Cultural humility allows the counselor the moment of intense self-reflection and to use unconventional methods to understanding and truly learning from the client as an individual. Counselors can create opportunities to communicate respect to the client by honoring the clients unique way of perceiving and interacting with the world (Nystul, 010). References Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. Nystul, M. S. (2010). Introduction to counseling, an art and science perspective. Prentice Hall. What are your reflections about the video? The video Cultural Humility by Vivian Chavez was an intriguing video to say the least. The video made me self-reflect my thoughts and brought awareness to my incompetence in cultural awareness. The video truly made me consider and respect the importance of an idea of a culture, and one must be a learner of the individual as well as the culture. To Just understand how a culture impacts an individuals life does not encompass humility. At the beginning of the video diverse people described cultural humility in one word, a few that stood out were love and compassion. These words each play a role in cultural humility. Love focuses on the learning and seeking knowledge, and compassion relates to understanding the feeling of others and treating them with this understanding. As an African American male from in an inner city neighborhood, I am familiar with discrimination, I found after viewing this ilm that I was naive to the struggles of many other individuals in this country. I grew up feeling that I was proud of where I came from, not because of what I accomplished as a child from the hood making good of himself with guidance from parents who made sure of my success, but because I always felt that no one had it as tough as I had it growing up. I grew up with a chip on my shoulder. This video made me realize how selfish and inconsiderate I was, and made me realize that I didnt have it as worse as others.

The Plains Zebra essays

The Plains Zebra essays Deep ebony, blinding cream, these are the colors of the zebra. The zebra is one unique animal. Zebras are one of the marvelous animals in Africa. About the size of a small horse, these amazing animals are about 50-53 inches in height. When a male zebra grows up, he can weigh up to 520 pounds! It's a good thing that the female zebra is friendly. It can weigh a whopping 510 pounds, almost as much as the male! Zebras usually do not attack unless threatened though, whew! The large animal, the zebra, mates all year round, but mostly during the early rainy season. Eighteen male zebras battle it out with the dominant male at that certain time to see who has the rights to mate with the number one female. In three years, female zebras are able to mate, and the is able when he is about five. Found mainly in the Southern Savanna, these hungry zebras can also be found in the arid plains of eastern Africa. They are also found in many national parks because hunters kill countless zebras for their picturesque fur, much as the elephant for its tusks. During the day, zebras are not as active as they are at night. The zebra easily adapts to just about anything Africa can throw at them, from poachers to food shortage. Therefore, one of the most successful herbivores in Africa. These friendly zebras main predator is the lion. When attacked by a lion, the zebra makes it difficult to eat just one zebra, so it is kind of "all for one, and one for all!" as the Three Musketeers would say. Also, poachers present another problem. People are trying to stop the hunting of endangered animals, but as long as people have the right to bear arms, we will keep running into this horrible problem. The poachers get a large sum of money for killing these poor, defenseless, endangered animals, and selling their fur on the black market. ...

The Downsizing of Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Downsizing of Unions - Research Paper Example    This paper illustrates that management theorists contend that downsizing is an act, which reduces the size of the  firm with respect to job opportunities or possession with a goal of performance improvement. Critics supporting the process of downsizing argue that it is a means of improving organization competitiveness and effectiveness. The ever-changing economic situations have necessitated various organizations reorganize the models of operation in order to fit in the new environment. Many critics contend that downsizing and other structural reforms are options taken to avert the challenges of the ever-changing economic situation. The process of downsizing differs from other structural changes that organizations take because of the following reasons; first, the decision is deliberate and second, it intends to improve cost-effectiveness. However, critics have argued that layoffs may result into disposal of human resource who posses crucial skills thereby leading to disruption of o rganization memory. This means that the survivors of the downsizing will also suffer along-side the employees who have lost their job opportunities. Research on organization reforms has demonstrated that consequences of the organization restructuring may increase the uncertainty of the employees. It is probable that the above case can apply in union downsizing. During union downsizing job insecurity appears to be a stressor that would not only haunt employees who constitute the union but also the effectiveness of the union. The fear projected whenever unions think of downsizing is the continuity in the unstable situations. Research indicate that downsizing often generate a negative influence on employees who are members of the union. These influences are evident through the morale of employees to address their grievances or champion for change within their organizations. The insecurity of jobs is another concern that often features whenever the concept of downsizing of unions featur es. Job insecurity has consequences that transcend various facets of life i.e. from work association to individual’s health. Thus, the challenge that the concept of downsizing creates to the union might pose similar challenges as observed in organization downsizing. Although some critics argue that market trends may influence the operation of an organization into adopting downsizing as a structural reform, trade unions mandate differs from organizations, which offer job opportunities to employees. Downsizing in organizations lead to accelerated workloads. It reduces the number of employees while retaining the same functions discharged by the dislodged employees. This exposes the employees to strenuous activities, which might reduce their morale. Arguing on this assumption union downsizing would create a situation where union members fail to cast there faith on union ability to advocate for the workers. However, some critics oppose this view by arguing that union could be larg e but might fail to deliver its services to the employees. In such cases, downsizing of the union would be an option that aims at strengthening its mandate.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Education - Essay Example The hurdle ahead to making and cultivating of bright future leaders lie in the fact that there must be a solid, rational and foolproof system in place that ensures the supply of the best possible talent in a systematic manner for generations, just like the flow of fresh waters from glaciers, unconditional and superfluous. Young talent originates from the children of a nation. Indeed the birth of a â€Å"born brilliant† is the miracle of Mother Nature but the polishing of a gem till its transformation into a priceless jewel that the world can admire but cannot afford to buy is the duty of a jeweler. Similarly the states today need to nourish their children and develop them into accolades that honor the nation in the future with standout performances in the fields of military, science and technology. Perhaps this one of the most significant reasons that why developed countries spend large chunks of their budgets on the development programs for children; and why do they allocate high percentages of their budgets to educational and other development programs that are aimed at providing the best of the facilities and infrastructure to their children. Some Exemplary Moves It took United Nations (UN) not long to correctly identify the benefits and meaningfulness of children to the progress and success of the world in the long run. UN was proactive in addressing to the arrangements that were required to be made in order to provide a platform to children and adolescents to coin their opinions and voice their concerns on higher levels. Several resolutions have been passed in the UN as part of the process that ensures that member states provide bright and lucrative opportunities to the young members of their populations to be a part of the decision making process and of the work force (Harry Sheir, 2001). Inviting young individuals to higher platforms and including and considering their opinion and views into the final decision making has become the order of the da y in most developed countries as of today. Activation of youth parliaments and student convoys of International Relations and Law students travelling from one country to another in search for knowledge and solution to modern day political enigmas and scenarios is a rising trend. United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Children is also a great breakthrough in the right direction. In light of the articles and clauses of this convention the rights of children to participate in decision making were addressed and implemented in various countries. Developed nations like UK have adopted this convention as one of the primary guidelines to enhance the development of children in its territory and to give them more rights and space to work with (US Census Bureau, 2011). In United States of America, children development is a seriously considered issue and it entails a lot of policy making measures around it. There are several prominent state funded child care and development programs in the US that ensure that children are given the best possible facilities and infrastructure to grow and nourish and flourish. To ensure that children are taken care of well at all times programs such as Child Care and Development Block Grant is one example of state funded programs for children that cater to families belonging

Mock Interview with Edward Snowden Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mock Interview with Edward Snowden - Assignment Example Throughout my working, I have learned our government is doing the exact opposite of what it purports to do in our name. Edward Snowden: I have worked thought in security settings, and more particularly in the settings of information security. I can assure you what the government is doing against you against the law the very laws it is supposed to protect are a lot. They pretend to be following the law, protecting your security, your privacy and working for the interest of the nation when in actual sense they are just working for their interests. They intercept all your telephone conversations; your activity on social media is spied on in the name of national security including your very private pictures yet the law protects the privacy of every individual. I thought things would change when President Barrack Obama was elected but to my shock, whistleblowers have been prosecuted at an alarming rate in this administration. It came to my realization that I was just part of the harm and nothing was going to happen to make the truth known unless I acted myself on what I strongly believe in. My experience o f what our government is doing against us and other people the world over informs and more especially my stint in Geneva strongly informed my decision to do at least something. Interviewer: Do you ever ponder the fact that it was actually wrong to release the documents and circulate them against our employer and government? Didn’t you think you were betraying and actually sabotaging? Edward Snowden: One may want to look at it the same way you are doing but for me, it was a bigger picture. A strong belief in the rule of law, the right to privacy as envisaged in America’s own constitution and equality for all are principles dear to my heart. I worked shortly in the military, at the CIA, NSA, and for private companies.  

Explain the Muslim idea of Religious Authority Essay Example for Free

Explain the Muslim idea of Religious Authority Essay Revelations are the way in which we receive knowledge of God and this is done through the Holy Books. In the Christian tradition there is an understanding that the Bible is a medium of revelation (Prepositional view), this is where the truths recorded by God are recorded, there is also an understanding that revelation is the way in which God acts with human experience through history (non-prepositional view) In Islam religious authority comes from God via the Quran through the process of tanzil. The Quran tells them about God and gives them guidance this is the book in its guidance is sure without doubt. The Sunnah and the Hadith are also sources of authority. The Sunnah, which is the life example of the Prophet Mohammad, is a source of authority because he was a wise and trustworthy man who settled tribal disputes. The Hadith is also a source of authority because Muslims look to Mohammad because he showed true obedience to Allahs commands. The Imam also has authority, the Shiites believe the Imam possess spiritual ability and divine light but the Sunnis simply see the Imam as a leader of prayer who has no superior status. The Shariah is also part of religious authority because this is the Islamic law for Muslims and it gives all the basic rules and regulations as to how human beings should live and act in a political, economic, social and collective individual spheres. The Shariah looks at family life, inheritance, marriage, food regulations and divorce for example Muslims must eat halal foods, those that have been slaughtered by the neck vein being slit and blood drained whilst the name of Allah is invoked. Muslims follow the Shariah so that they are doing what is good and right according to God and removing evil from society, which works through the process of Greater and Lesser Jihad. Greater Jihad is about establishing maruf (right) and removing munkar (evil) from yourself A Muslim learns to control his own bad desires and actions. Lesser Jihad is the struggle of the Muslim community to remove haram from society. Evil will always exist in society and a Muslim must resist this by showing true dedication to Allahs commands. In Islam Allah is the main source of religious authority and to help Muslims to show they are showing their authority towards God, Muslims believe that Allah allows evil and suffering in the world to see if they do what is right. Muslims have free will and believe that everything is pre-determined and that Allah knows the present, the past and the future of every creature but this does not mean that man has and freedom of will, its just that they have the choice to obey or disobey Allah and that this will show on the day of judgement whether they will go to Heaven/ Hell because all their actions are judged. Religious authority from the Quran is seen to govern every aspect of life for example women in Islam are seen as the most important in the family. She is the one who should keep a halal home and to make sure food and dress laws are kept. The teachings of Islam is that women should have total equality in religion and education but they can never be fully equal, for example the husband has more power but with that comes a lot of responsibilities to perform The man has full responsibility for the maintenance of his family therefore a man has more inheritance than a womens because his need is seen to be greater. Through the 5 Pillars Muslims are seen to be showing obedience to Allahs commands this is because they are a very intense and personal struggle to abide by and through reading the Quran Muslims believe that it enhances there spiritual development because it is the word of God. They believe it is the pure word of God because it is seen to be a perfect copy of a timeless document. In Islam the Quran is more important than the Bile/Torah because they where seen to be distorted to suit their believing communities and the revelations in the Quran are believed to be recorded when Mohammad received them. The other basic beliefs of Islam such as Tawhid are also seen as authority. Tawhid implies that everything is created by Allah; it is the belief in Allah with all his powers. It is a source of authority because this is one way a Muslim fulfils Allahs commands as it reveals Gods loving and caring nature. From a non-religious perspective a philosopher would look to reasoning to emphasise human freedom to make moral choices. They would argue that all of humanity relies upon their conscience to decide what is right and wrong, and for many this authority does not come from God. However from a Christian perspective this higher level of consciousness comes from God. In Islamic terms we gain our conscious awareness from Quranic teachings about Akirah which gives us focus for this temporary life on earth, from taw hid which reveals the qualities of God that we should aim to develop in our own hearts (such as love and compassion), and Al Qadr which ultimately points to a pre-determined path which only God knows about he does not dictate.

What Does Unity Mean In Islam?

What Does Unity Mean In Islam? Introduction The Muminoon are a single Brotherhood. (The Holy Quran, 49:10) as quoted in the Quran. Allah further explains about Brotherhood by explaning that Muslims are awliyyaa (allies, friends, supporters) of one another, and this again is based solely on Islam: A real Muslim will help his bro/sis in Islam to live in peace. Brotherhood is to live in peace and to understand one another. They must not argue even if one disagrees with another and that they should follow the best meaning of what is being discussed. They must always forgive and have mercy for one another. A Muslim also helps any innocent person and loves his bro/sis for the sake of Allah swt. This is because Allah wants all Muslims to live together in peace,love and tranquility, not backbiting and hating each other for no reasons. Even with non Muslims we should live in peace and respect. Allah swt says in the Quran about brotherhood and commands us to act as brothers and sisters. The believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islà ¢mic religion). So make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allà ¢h, that you may receive mercy. (Surah 49:10) Muhammad saws said the real Muslims must love each other as real brothers and sisters too. You will not enter Paradise until you have faith, and you will not have faith until you love each other(hadith). Islamic Unity What does Islam mean? Islam comes from an Arabic word which means submission to the will of God. It also comes from the same root as the Arabic word salam, which means peace. Unity is the strength and the unity of people forms a strong nation. Therefore, this is one of the reason Islam emphasise great stress on the importance of unity. The Islamic concept of Towhid  [1]  is similar to unity of humankind. The corner stone in Islam is the unity of God. Allahs unity teaches Muslims that the y should not divide persons into sections and sects  [2]  . As been quoted by Dr. Mohammad Ali Al-khuli is his book titled The Light of Islam writes: Islam is the greatest unifying force in the world. It is a religion to all humans regardless of color, race and language. It is a religion that tolerates other religions and orders its followers to respect and protect all humans. According to a Hadith of the Holy Prophet every human being belongs to Adam and Adam was from soil. Islam has been st rictly prohibiting racial discrimination. Peace, equality and paternity  [3]  are thought through unity. When there are no unity, it will bring about disruption, devastation and disputes. God is the God of all human beings. All humans unity is the ultimate aim of the teachings of Islam. The doctrinal and ideological differences must not end up through war or bloodshed. Religion of Islam teaches that in order to achieve true peace of mind and surety of heart, one must submit to God and live according to His Divinely revealed Law. The most important truth that God revealed to mankind is that there is nothing divine or worthy of being worshipped except for Almighty God. However, anyone who submits completely to God and worship Him alone is a Muslim. The word Muslim refers to one who submits to the will of God, regardless of race, nationality or ethnic background. Being a Muslim entails willful submission and active obedience to God, and living in accordance with His message. Things which can be implemented to bring the unity which are commanded to have amongst the Muslims is that they are required to put Islam as their top priority in life instead of the amusement in this world knowing that Islam is the way to Paradise. And whosoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers. (Al-Imran:85) Besides that, all Muslims are also required to return the Quran to Its proper place. The Quran provides as a guideline for living and needs to Muslims and it is to be the Muslims central focus, and is needed to implement it as a whole. Ways to achieve Brotherhood in Islam The way to achieve Brotherhood in Islam is through: Quran The Quran is : The speech of Allah sent down upon the last Prophet Muhammad, through the Angel Gabriel, in its precise meaning and precise wording transmitted to us by numerous persons ( tawatur), both verbally and in writing. Inimitable and unique, protected by God from corruption. ( Denffer, 1991, 17). The Quran is the foundation of Islam and the primary source of guidance for Muslims in all aspects of life, whther spiritual, legal, moral, political, economic or social. An important theme of the Quran is legal guidance and related matters about how the Muslim community should conduct itself. This includes how to worship God through prayer; fasting and pilgrimage  [4]  ; marriage and divorce; the restriction of polygyny; the regulation of slavery; spending money to help the poor and needy; relations between the sexes; children and custody; prohibition of gambling and alcohol; punishment for crimes such as theft, murder, adultery and slander; war and peace; commercial transaction s; and inheritance. It also covers moral injunctions such as truthfulness, moderation in behaviour, justice, fairness, forgiveness, honesty, kindness to ones parents, keeping generosity and the keeping of promises. Muslim scholars have developed agreat number of Quranic exegetical (critical explanation) works over the past fourteen years. Some of these rely heavily on the Quran and the explanations of the Prophet. The Quran is for Muslims, the revealed word of God. Hence, the exegesis  [5]  of the Quran (tafsir) has emerged as one of the most revered  [6]  disciplines in Islam. The life of the early Muslims revolved around the Quran, one of their earliest concerns was to understand the message of the sacred text. Therefore Quran is important for Muslims in order to achieve Brotherhood. Six pillars of faith: essential beliefs of a Muslim Belief in God (Allah) Belief in the angels Belief in the revealed books Belief in the messengers (prophets)